German Adverbs Erst vs. Nur

The two German adverbs erst and nur are close in meaning and are sometimes used interchangeably: They should not be. Doing so changes the meaning of your sentence, as the translation of this following sentences demonstrates. (The German word or phrase is presented in italics on the left and the English translation is listed on the right throughout this article.) Meine Schwester hat erst zwei Kinder. My sister has two children at the moment.Meine Schwester hat nur zwei Kinder. My sister has only two children. Learning the difference between these two important German adverbs, and when to use them, will help you greatly in your studies of the language. Erst Definition and Examples Erst can have a temporal definition meaning only or not until. Use erst in its temporal sense when the context suggests a restriction to a point in time or when the speaker’s expectations for a point in time has been changed. These examples show erst in its temporal definition: Mein Mann kommt erst am Samstag.   My husband is coming only on Saturday.Es sieht so aus, dass mein Mann erst am Samstag kommen kann.   It now looks like my husband won’t be coming until Saturday. (The speaker’s expectation of her husband’s arrival time has been changed.)Es ist erst neun Uhr.   It is only 9 o’clock. (The speaker thought it was later than 9 o’ clock.)Sie wird erst schlafen wenn sie heimkommt.   She is going sleep only when she comes home. (Only then will she sleep.) Erst can also have a quantitative definition, meaning only or no more than. Erst is used in its quantitative definition when the context suggests a provisional restriction of a quantity or of time that is likely to change. For instance: Magst du den ÃÅ"beltà ¤ter des Buches?   Do you like the villain of the book?Ich kenne ihn noch nicht. Ich habe erst fà ¼nf Seiten dieses Buches gelesen. I dont know him. I’ve read only five pages of this book. (The speaker is going to read more.) Nur Definition and Examples Nur, by contrast, means only or just. This may seem similar to erst, but nur serves to pinpoint a definitive point in time, a quantity or action that isn’t expected to change. For example: Mein Mann geht nur am Samstag zur Konferenz   He is going only on Saturday to the conference. (That’s the one and only day that he is expected to go.)Sie bleibt nur eine Stunde.   She is staying only one hour.Ich bin mà ¼de, deswegen habe ich nur fà ¼nf Seiten dieses Buches gelesen.   I am tired, that is why I have read only five pages from the book. (The speaker is not going to read more than five pages.)Sie will nur schlafen   She wants to just sleep. (That’s all she wants to do now.) Exercise: Nur O der Erst? Fill in the following sentences with either nur or erst: Sometimes both are possible, depending on what you want to say. Then check your responses against the answers below. Meine Tante ist _______ heute abgefahren.Ich habe _______ zwanzig Euro in meinem Porte-monnaie.Sie ist _______ seit drei Tagen abgefahren.Unser Sohn kommt _________, wenn er uns braucht.Meine Nachbarin kommt _________ fà ¼r zehn Minuten.Es ist ________ acht Uhr.Ich werde ________ Fernsehen gucken, wenn ich mit meiner Hausaufgabe fertig bin.Ich will _________ Fernsehen gucken. Answers Meine Tante ist erst  heute  abgefahren. My aunt left only today.Ich habe nur zwanzig Euro in meinem Porte-monnaie. I have only 20 euros in my wallet.Sie ist erst seit drei Tagen abgefahren. She left just three days ago.Unser Sohn kommt erst/nur, wenn er uns braucht. Our son will come once he has need of us. / Our son comes only when he needs us.Meine Nachbarin kommt nur fà ¼r zehn Minuten. Our neighbor is coming only for 10 minutes.Es ist erst  acht  Uhr. It is only 8 o’clock.Ich werde erst Fernsehen gucken, wenn ich mit meiner Hausaufgabe fertig bin. I will only watch TV when I am done with my homework.Ich will nur Fernsehen  gucken. I just want to watch TV.

Essay about Sexual Harassment Today - 719 Words

Sexual Harassment Today Sexual harassment is a form of sex discrimination that violates unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, and other verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature constitutes sexual harassment when submission to or rejection of this conduct explicitly or implicitly affects an individuals employment, unreasonably interferes with an individuals work performance or creates an intimidating, hostile or offensive work environment. Sexual Harassment can take many forms, including a request for sexual favors; unwelcome sexual advances towards others, verbal, physical, or foreseeable conduct of a sexual nature towards people. This illegal conduct could occur in houses, or public places, hotels,†¦show more content†¦In the dating scene, if someone refuses a date, the other person may repeatedly request for a date. Repeatedly asking someone out for a date, or unnecessary touching or patting is offensive and humiliating. These actions rise to the level of creating an offensi ve or hostile environment for the victim. There are, most likely many psychological problems that cause sexual harassment. The individuals may have problems with their marriage and express angry emotions and feel the need to act them out. Others might want to intentionally hurt another person, just for the fun of seeing the other person hurt. Still others just might be crazy and can?t control their sexual urges towards others. There are many reasons why people sexually harass others. Individuals past history can explain their unusual behavior. There is a strict law against the persons who sexually harass others. Sexual harassment is a serious offense and one could end up in prison for a long time. Sexual harassment charges vary in a case-to-case basis. Some cases may be treated very seriously while other people may be forewarned or put on strict probation due to their behavior. 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Wuthering Heights in Relation to Bronte’s Life Free Essays

Wuthering Heights Relation to Emily Bronte’s life Characterization: 1. Hindley- Bronte used the character of Hindley to represent her brother. Emily Bronte’s brother drank himself to death just as Hindley did. We will write a custom essay sample on Wuthering Heights in Relation to Bronte’s Life or any similar topic only for you Order Now 2. Edgar- When Catherine died, Edgar became exceedingly private and quiet. Edgar represents Emily Bronte’s own father. When Bronte’s mother died, her father followed the same pattern that Edgar did by secluding himself and becoming very quiet. 3. Catherine- Emily Bronte personifies her dislike for women’s position in society through Catherine’s love for Heathcliff. Because women are not listened to, Bronte represents herself as a man, Heathcliff, in order to be listened to. 4. Catherine’ Cold- Emily Bronte caught a cold at her brother’s funeral. Setting: †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Emily lived in an isolated area called Haworth in the West Riding area of Yorkshire. Wuthering Heights and Thrushcross Grange both reflect the isolated area where she lived. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Because they were isolated socially by there geographical location, Emily and her siblings created fictional worlds. Emily and her sister Anne created Gondal which is a land of moors, and the world is reflected in moors surrounding the two houses. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Wuthering Heights literally means stormy heights. Emily’s life had many hardships or â€Å"storms† throughout her life, such as, her brother’s alcoholism and some of her family dying from tuberculosis. †¢   Ã‚  Ã‚   Emily was home schooled because she easily became homesick when away at normal schools. This can be seen through young Catherine because Catherine is home schooled and not aloud to see the outside world without her father’s supervision. Mood: I. Tragic A. Death in Wuthering Heights B. Death during Emily’s lifetime C. Tuberculosis-caused death of characters D. Tuberculosis-caused death of family E. Drunkeness of Hindley Earnshaw F. Drunkeness of Bronte’s brother II. Isolated 1. Cathy and her father 2. Bronte and her father 3. Characters and their reading 4. Emily and her reading Tone: 1. Defiant tone: Book: Catherine is naughty, does not behave. She is against society â€Å"They both promised fair to grow up as rude as savages†¦ † (46, chapter 6). She also believed she could do what she wanted. †¦ if I marry Linton I can aid Heathcliff to rise, and place him out of my brother’s power† (82, chapter 9). Life: Emily was persistent in her goals and beliefs. She and her sisters attempted to open a school, but it failed because of isolation. Before setting the school up she attended an academy to finish studying French and German. In addition, the three sisters published their wo rks under false names because women writers were discriminated against during the time. 2. Humorous tone: Book: Both Catherine and Cathy have a â€Å"humorous tone† in some scenes. The two have the tendency to not take everything seriously all of the time. â€Å"Her spirits were always at high-water mark, her tongue always going-singing, laughing, and plaguing everybody who would not do the same† (42, chapter 5). Cathy has a joyful mood in many instances; the first talking about the Crags. Life: Emily had two imaginary worlds, although she broke off from the first when she was 13 (Angria) The second one, Gondal, she kept on with until she died. 3. Dark, depressing tone: Both Emily’s life and the novel are filled with the â€Å"dark† tone. Death is consistent and parallels with one another. Structure: Symbolism: The cold dark kitchen that is described at the beginning of the book is a symbol of the hatred Emily had for the woman’s â€Å"station† that is symbolized by a kitchen. Heathcliffs starving of himself symbolizes his hunger for life, and in his case his life is Catherine. This relates to Bronte through her own hunger for greater experiences, love, and happiness. She was also anorexic, so heathcliffs physical starvation relates to her own. How to cite Wuthering Heights in Relation to Bronte’s Life, Essay examples